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Make your personal light-duty one-handed workholding wonders.
Like maximum workshops, mine is well-populated with spring clamps, the ever present device for making use of localized power with one hand whilst conserving the workpiece (or workpieces) with the opposite.
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This week I’ve labored considerably with two gear utilized in woodworking and every so often in different fabrics like stone and plastic. One is definitively referred to as a rasp. Rasps are available quite a lot of widths, lengths and shapes. Hand-made rasps, referred to as hand stitched, will also be dear. My favourites up to now are the ones made by means of Auriou of France; the only I depend on maximum is the Cupboard rasp. This rasp is flat on one aspect and spherical at the reverse face. The top follows a steady boat form culminating in a delightful and helpful level and for many people those are probably the most helpful and sensible varieties irrespective of measurement. Mine is now 13 years outdated and it nonetheless cuts picket greater than smartly; fantastically is the phrase, actually. The smaller and narrower variations, perhaps 1/2″ to three/4″ vast and six-8″ lengthy, are superb for tighter, smaller paintings, shaping handles and such. Regardless of the dimensions, they’re fantastically balanced within the hand and lower fantastically successfully.
Two Auriou rasps aspect by means of aspect give me maximum of what I would like in my shaping gear that can not come from my spokeshaves.
Prior to now, I normally prompt the 4-in-hand rasp, the kind utilized by farriers for trimming horse hooves after reshoeing horses. Those are a virtually first rate starter rasp for duties like shaping be that disposing of arduous corners to curves as in spoon and spatula making, reducing forums and so forth, however in recent times those rasps have are available with softer metal and fail to stay their edge for extraordinarily lengthy or are certainly are simply flat poorly made, a facsimile of what used to be the trade same old. When a rasp loses its reducing edges it turns into a bruising put in force bluntly attacking just right picket to go away it extra bruised than finely lower. I really like the type of ‘chew‘ and edge retention you get from the hand-stitched variations as with Auriou and Logier. My hope is that they’re going to proceed to live to tell the tale and stay elevating long run generations of professional rasp makers.
As a substitute of the device-made variations, every of those stitched is chiselled in by means of hand and amazingly they make a distinction within the lower to present high quality no device-lower manner can provide.
With reference to the 4-in-hand rasp: what’s in point of fact treasured is that you simply get 4 surfaces at the similar rasp. They’ve no take care of because the metal itself is the dangle you get and what you’ve is just right grip. The flat aspect will give you a part-period of exact rasp with the crucial layers of barbed sewing whilst the opposite part of the period is basically a report with finer reducing and smoothing skill. The opposite aspect is spherical and in this aspect, you once more get the rasp and report however within the spherical as a way to talk. It’s not that i am positive why the most productive makers of rasps have now not replicated a best-notch model of this device — a 12-14″ lengthy model with the boat-formed ends can be a wonderfully useful gizmo and most definitely a absolute best dealer for them. Nudge, nudge! Neatly inside their capability.
Nobody must disregard this financial, 4-in-hand rasp as a substitute for a just right starter device. It’s excellent for seeing if shaping is for you and your lengthy-time period long run issues.
I take note the day I switched from the 4 in hand to the Auriou cupboard rasp; the 12″ #10 sewing. It used to be an evening and day enjoy but I additionally recall a 4-in-hand model that used to be in point of fact smartly made and intensely at hand all in one device. They impulsively declined in high quality and this used to be a right away results of less expensive imports robbing first rate makers by means of coming in at not up to part the cost with a glance-alike that fooled everyone into pondering they have been if truth be told getting one and the similar device. By the point everybody realised the adaptation, the great makers have been long past. That mentioned, 4-in-arms as distinct from farrier’s rasps do paintings and paintings smartly sufficient. They’re simply inferior to the top class variations. They are perfect for seeing if what you need to make use of rasps for shall be part of your long run; we ceaselessly use a transitional device like this ahead of we spend cash. on further particular ones.
It used to be sending a brand new woodworking maker to shop for a £140 rasp that brought about me to reconsider issues. The farrier model is indisputably nonetheless a just right have compatibility for beginning your children out or in case you are best making a couple of pieces requiring shaping by means of this technique of hand paintings. Somebody achieving into the longer term for lengthy-time period shaping will now know to imagine the hand-stitched variations and there are other makers available in the market who make really nice rasps, some from puts just like the Czech Republic are actually superb and are most often more cost effective too. I personal a pair and experience them.
I purchased the Shinto noticed rasp as a substitute and feature examined it out for a just right period of time. I used one rather than my Cupboard Rasp to check out to figure out its longevity, capability and so forth. Its primary downfall is there is not any spherical face to it so it’s most commonly useable on flat and convex surfaces. Hollowing is out of the query. Its benefit is that it has each coarse and fantastic in one rasp. So far as worth is going, the cost has risen. It sort of feels it is going to value you someplace round £30-35. After a 12 months’s use, it has much less chew than the Auriou, to the purpose that I ordered its alternative. Evaluating the 13 years of use with the only 12 months of the Shinto leans against getting one-quarter the time I were given from my Auriou however my Auriou remains to be going and I choose the heft and really feel of it normally. So, my conclusion is that there actually is little distinction in total value aside from that we do have the spherical again to the Auriou and the coarse and fantastic faces of the Shinto.
The coarse aspect of the Shinto eliminates plenty of picket impulsively and aggressively and this will also be just right for some facets of woodworking . . .
For the primary phase, I will be able to are living with out the coarse aspect of the Shinto despite the fact that I will be able to see it being very at hand every now and then for starting up subject material in amount and temporarily. What I will not are living with out is the spherical again of the Auriou or different makers I’ve. A snappy turn of the wrist to maintain hollows and rounds similarly smartly with the similar fineness. However I’m content material now that I understand it isn’t an both-or. I will be able to prolong the lifetime of my Auriou and double and even triple its longevity by means of the usage of either side of the Shinto noticed rasp.
. . . then again, or the opposite aspect, you’ve a actually finer enamel that works rather well whenever you get used to the kind of drive to use.
Conclusion: After lengthy-time period checking out, I experience proudly owning each the dearer rasps and the Shinto however the 4-in-hand- meets other standards. In case you get started with the 4-in-hand you’ll lose not anything beginning out and it’s just right for kids to paintings with. Then imagine the Shinto when you suppose you’ll don’t have any want for the spherical face of a correct rasp; this can be a stepping stone to proudly owning a top class rasp. There may be true pleasure in proudly owning an Auriou and maintaining it for absolute best paintings longer term. I believe for many woodworkers with restricted time of an afternoon per week on the bench that this may turn out to be an entire life device for them
Day 4 of the out of doors kitchen island construct begins with the door and drawer entrance meeting. I’m the usage of 1/2” plywood for the panels and will want to minimize a rabbet on every panel sooner than meeting.
However first, a snappy notice on those JessEm curler guides. I really like them however haven’t been the usage of them in recent years because of laziness. Now and again I am getting in my very own approach. I’ve them, they paintings nice, and I must use them always. For those who’re no longer accustomed to them, they’ve a curler on a slight inward attitude towards the fence. The curler has grippy subject material to carry the workpiece and they just roll ahead. This very much reduces the chance for kickback. For smaller items not up to a few inches they only get in the way in which. On this case, they’re going to be useful.
When used, I’m straight away grateful that I’ve them. It’s peculiar how some pieces I’ll move out of my approach to make use of and others I’ll have lazy moments, even making an allowance for how handy they’re.
For the panel rabbets, I selected to make use of a dado stack within the desk noticed with a sacrificial fence. The sacrificial fence lets in the overall dado stack for use and buried within the fence. The fence place determines the width of the rabbet and the peak of the dado stack determines the intensity of the rabbet. As soon as dialed in, the interior face of the panel must be flush with the interior face of the door and drawer entrance frames. The entrance may have the standard 1/4” step not unusual in shaker cupboards.
Now the doorways and drawer fronts can also be assembled. Since the panel is an engineered panel, all of the panel can also be glued in position. Little need for a spread and contraction hole right here.
After you have the entire doorways and drawer fronts in clamps I notice why maximum cupboard stores choose to outsource their door introduction. Between milling the lumber, reducing the joiner, and assembling the doorways there may be a large number of time intake. It simply is sensible for a large number of cupboard stores to outsource this step.
Whilst the doorways and drawer fronts are in clamps I converted to the legs. The 4 nook legs shall be sq. and the 3 inside legs shall be oblong.
The everyday milling technique of jointer > planer > miter noticed > desk noticed is adopted.
On the other hand, the desk noticed used to be handiest used for the nook leg rabbets. Those too will are compatible in position by the use of a rabbet. Two cuts on the desk noticed to create it however take into accout of the second one minimize I made. It’s generally no longer really useful to have the offcut trapped between the fence and the blade for kickback causes. If the piece has any pressure motion whilst being minimize you possibility that offcut being shot again like a missile. On this case, I didn’t see any indication of inner stresses and I extensively utilized a push stick with stay the offcut shifting ahead, previous the blade.
I’m the usage of the router desk so as to add a stopped chamfer element on every of the legs. The chamfer will get started and forestall a couple of inches clear of every finish of the leg so I scribed visible reference marks at the fence. It’s simple sufficient to begin and forestall at those traces through eye. No forestall block gadget is vital.
Throughout the chamfering procedure, I had an oopsie! The mud assortment at the router desk pulled some of the legs into the bit after I didn’t need it to. This gouge must be patched certainly one of two techniques. If this had been a transparent end piece I’d course a rabbet into the brink to totally get rid of the oopsie. Then glue a grain matching piece in position, flush it with each huge faces, then recreate the chamfer forestall location. Fortuitously, it is a painted piece so filling this with Bondo or one thing identical shall be more uncomplicated and simply as applicable.
The nook legs shall be secured with glue and a couple of screws in the course of the inside of the cupboard.
It’s time for the hinges. Those 1/2” overlay Blum comfortable shut hinges are my go-to for overlay doorways. They’re affordable and tremendous simple to enforce. I’m appearing this section on the drill press in the beginning as a result of that in point of fact is the quickest method to make the cup hinge holes.
On the other hand, I couldn’t to find the right Forstner bit for the duty so I opted to make use of my CNC as an alternative. My setup is to just minimize one hinge hollow at a time. If I had been to create a program for each cup hinges I’d want a new program for every door of a special top. As a substitute, I made a program that has one hollow minimize on two doorways on the similar time. One is the highest hollow and the opposite is the ground hollow. By means of operating the minimize as soon as, switching the doorways, and operating the minimize a 2d time I’ll have all of my cup hinge holes minimize the similar distance clear of the highest and backside in the entire doorways irrespective of top.
Pop the hinges in position and upload the small screws to protected them. Relying at the picket species, pilot holes could also be required. Poplar is reasonably comfortable so I opted to not make the pilot holes.
One ultimate step sooner than putting in the doorways and drawer fronts is to flush the fringe. A hand aircraft in a workbench vise gets the task accomplished simply superb however I opted to make use of my belt sander. This is among the maximum used machines in my store that will get reasonably little airtime. It’s extremely at hand for lots of duties out of doors of woodworking as neatly.
The hinges used are 1/2” overlay hinges. Because of this when put in at the face frames they’re going to overlay the face body through 1/2” when closed. The one alignment wanted through the installer is to verify the peak is about for the highest and backside 1/2” overlay. One of the best ways to try this is with a forestall block clamped to the cupboard someplace. I generally put the forestall block at the backside in order that gravity works for your prefer. On the other hand, the space between the highest of the door and the ground of the drawer is what is going to be maximum noticeable so I opted to position the forestall block on most sensible. From right here, I will be able to use my foot to raise the door whilst I take advantage of my palms to carry the door and protected it with screws.
The drawer fronts are even more uncomplicated. The forestall block rests on most sensible of the doorways, pilot holes are drilled, and a couple of screws added from the interior of the drawer cling the drawer entrance in position. Those doorways and drawers will in the end get pulls that fit the countertop.
(*4*)
And that’s it for day 4 of development in this construct. All that’s left to do is somewhat little bit of fundamental trim paintings to the entrance and again plywood panels, the middle sink fortify, and the leveling ft. I’ll be completing the bottom with milk paint however will cling off on that till I am getting the matching farm desk constructed. That approach I will be able to spray them each on the similar time.
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I like that this bench is comprised of simply 5 2x4s.
I like that you’ll make the matching desk from 2x4s.
I like that you’ll adapt this desk and bench set for external use.
This mission was once constructed by means of Being Brook. Thanks Brook for running with me in this set. I am hoping you loved this plan and forestall over and spot so much extra pictures and pointers from Brook right here.
PS – Brook has an academic at the mini serving stands right here.
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Easy joinery will stay this piece in combination for hundreds of years.
Books, papers, lamps, candlesticks, spoons, Legos, clothes, electronics and extra all finally end up on most sensible of any flat surfaces in our area.
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It’s been about 18 months since I turned into really stricken at sending other people out to spend loads of kilos on a unmarried device. Simply how may I am getting the fee down after sending other people to eBay to shop for up all of the inventory to be had? The costs rocked up ten to 15 occasions inside of a yr just because till that point this necessary device were altogether deserted. After I presented it for perfecting tenon cheeks along with mere dadoes it remodeled hand-device woodworking for such a lot of who gave the impression all the time to misalign their saws on tenons. Lately, everybody assumes that the router aircraft is a regular approach however till a couple of brief years in the past nobody ever used a router aircraft for this process. On account of the larger costs of secondhand after which the loss of availability of latest variations, I pulled in combination my very own model and made my prototypes adopted by means of the manufacturing fashion — I will be able to by no means return to any of the all-steel variations once more. I stated it again then and I will be able to say it once more, that is the most efficient router aircraft on this planet. What’s even higher is that any and all woodworkers could make their very own in a day’s paintings.
After we first launched the router aircraft equipment we felt we couldn’t market it as a result of we have been nonetheless within the early days of sourcing the inventory. Now we have just right shares in a position for transport out which you’ll be able to acquire right here. In my movies, I display you the right way to make the blade and the retainer bar however with the equipment, there’s no metalwork wanted.
For my part, each and every woodworker will have to personal this sort of just because they are able to make the majority of the aircraft from their very own picket and any aggregate of woods they select. I’ve used principally beech as a result of I’ve it in inventory however oak, ash, cherry and lots of extra will make a good looking lifetime router aircraft for everybody so as to add to their meeting of gear to revel in their woodworking with. For me, the router aircraft is a non-negotiable device. I want I had advanced this once I wrote my guide Very important Woodworking Hand Gear however I’m making plans a downloadable addendum to slide into the guide quickly.
You’ll certainly position your order right here and glance ahead to a few updates or upgrades so that you can upload a intensity forestall after which choice variations too proper right here on my weblog. I will be able to stay you posted!
I exploit coloured waxes relatively so much in my completing, particularly the darker colours. I’m partial to Liberon’s Black Bison Paste Wax, however that’s as a result of it’s the best logo I’ve ever used.
Coloured waxes are a secret weapon when it comes to muting a in particular loud or brash colour. Additionally they upload a intensity to many finishes via including a 2nd hue to the full piece.
Many vintage restorers use black wax to upload age to a end or a restore, and it’s nice for that. However that’s now not my purpose with black wax. I am hoping the footage right here will provide an explanation for it higher than phrases.
First, forget about the gross sales reproduction concerning the stuff.
“(I)t feeds, polishes and is helping to save you picket drying out…” No, it doesn’t.
“Giving a extremely lustrous and hardwearing end…” It in truth offers a low-luster end. And, like any waxes, isn’t in particular sturdy.
“Well known for its high quality and delightful, unique aroma…” Uhhh, these things smells like a Fifties cleansing resolution for septic tanks. It isn’t delightful. However the odor dissipates.
A comb-back chair with best acrylic paint. No black wax.
The similar chair after a coat of coloured wax.
Right here’s what it in point of fact does. It’s a fast-drying sludge. Select a colour. I exploit “Darkish Oak” and “Tudor Oak” and can not inform the adaptation. While you apply it to uncooked picket, reminiscent of oak, it is going to darken the oak and accumulate within the picket’s open pores. When used on uncooked closed-pore woods, reminiscent of pine, it most often looks as if a smeary mess (a take a look at board will verify this).
I generally apply it to best of a end, both shellac or paint. When used over shellac, it is going to cut back the brashness of the brand new shellac, and the wax will accumulate within the pores of the picket, giving the piece just a little of measurement.
I like the combo of mahogany, shellac and black wax. That’s what I exploit on nearly all of my marketing campaign items.
When used over paint, the black wax will get just a little smeary. It’ll accumulate in small voids left within the paint. And it is going to buff off inconsistently at the paint. This can be a excellent factor. A vibrant new paint end can seem like you dipped your furnishings in Plasti-Dip. The asymmetric absorption of the wax mutes the one colour.
Software
The stuff dries briefly, so I like to recommend you’re employed small spaces, about 12″ x 12″. Wipe the wax on generously with a rag so you’ll be able to push it into the pores and small voids (put on protecting gloves). Stay wiping the wax till you may have a skinny, constant coat. Then right away start wiping it off with a blank, coarse rag (I exploit towels with a Huck weave – mainly surgical towels). Stay wiping till you can not take away to any extent further. Then transfer on to the following segment of the challenge.
When you botch a bit, merely observe extra wax. The wax’s solvent will dissolve the onerous layer and you’ll be able to wipe once more. Or dab some mineral spirits on a rag and you’ll be able to rub the skin to take away skinny layers of wax till you get the impact you wish to have.
If at any time you hate the end, flood the skin with mineral spirits and rub onerous. Many of the wax will come off.
A contemporary take a look at board, The uncooked colours are at the proper. The colours at the left display the illusion after a coat of the coloured wax.
Check Forums
Making take a look at forums is the one manner to be certain you are going to get the impact you wish to have. I’ve used the wax for many years and nonetheless do a take a look at board earlier than I get started smearing the stuff on anything else.
A tin of these items lasts for a few years, so don’t be eliminate via the top value (about $35-$40 right here within the U.S.). Don’t be eliminate via the odor (we name it the “pungent janitor” wax as it smells like some cleansing fluid from my youth). And don’t be eliminate via the bison phase. I believe there’s hardly ever any bison within the wax.
Synopsis: Becoming hinges is without doubt one of the largest demanding situations for new boxmakers. This jig is helping Doug Stowe’s scholars get completely matching hinge mortises on each the field and its lid. This jig merely clamps to the field frame and the bench, and slides to the opposite finish for the second one mortise. Recommendations on the use of the jig and adapting it to other tasks are integrated.
I’ve made a large number of boxes and taught a large number of other folks the way to lead them to. One of the most spaces that scholars to find maximum difficult is becoming hinges to a just about completed field. To lend a hand my scholars throughout all categories and boxes, I devised a quick-and-easy jig with notches for the router to practice and a fence to place it in opposition to the workpiece. The jig all however promises completely matching mortises within the field and its lid. Fortunately, it really works simply as smartly for me in my very own store.
Finish stops are the important thing to clean registration
All portions comprised of 1 ⁄ 2-in. MDF.
With notches sized to a particular hinge and a fence and forestalls for certain reference, this no-frills jig takes the headache out of becoming hinges to a field and its lid—or many boxes and plenty of lids. The top stops lend a hand make sure that correct alignment between the field and lid.
Symmetrical jig with stops
Tailor your jig on your router, hinges, and boxes. The jig’s base will have to be 1 in. or extra longer than the longest field you are expecting to make with a specific hinge and vast sufficient to with ease strengthen your router. I discover a trim router to be superb right here, because it’s small, light-weight, and clean to regulate. I take advantage of a three ⁄ 16-in.-long dado blank out bit from MLCS (merchandise no. 5382).
Since the notches within the jig are sized to a particular hinge, you wish to have to make a separate jig for each and every measurement of hinge you’ll use. Fortunately, making one is a work of cake.
To put the notches, make a decision how a ways you wish to have each and every hinge from the tip of the field. Typically 1 in. or so works smartly for the vast majority of small and medium boxes I make. That distance assists in keeping the hinge screws safely clear of the corners so that they don’t compromise the joints.
On the tablesaw, I reduce the notches to the precise width of the hinge. Arrange two stops on a sled to restrict the side-to-side go back and forth of the jig base. After each and every reduce, attempt to are compatible the hinge within the notch. Preferably, the primary reduce can be too tight, letting you faucet a prevent away as you creep up on a cosy are compatible.
Surroundings the blade top calls for some math, now not take a look at becoming. It must be raised sufficient to account for the hinge mortise plus the width of the fence. I want about part of the hinge barrel to stay out in the back of the field, offering a complete vary of movement. So that you could decide the intensity of the sawcut, measure from the brink of the hinge leaf to the barrel and upload 1⁄2 in. for the width of the fence.
After homing in at the notch at one finish, turn the bottom finish for finish and reduce the second. As a result of I turn the bottom to chop the second one notch, each notches can be similarly spaced from the tip of the jig, simplifying the jig’s use.
To complete the jig, glue at the fence and finish stops, being cautious that the strips are flush with the fringe of the bottom.
Make the jig
Clamp a couple of stops to a sled to notch the jig base. The stops will have to be set to yield a notch the width of the hinge leaf. When environment the blade top, upload the specified width of the hinge mortise to the width of the jig’s fence. Slowly advance the sled whilst sliding the bottom facet to facet to chop the notch. Take a look at the are compatible (proper), after which turn the bottom to chop the second one notch.Check the notch’s width in opposition to the hinge. It’s very best first of all the stops a little bit too shut in combination, then transfer one farther away as you sneak up on the proper width.Upload the fence and finish stops. Glue those flush to the bottom’s perimeter to verify they’re sq. and spaced symmetrically.Cosy the jig to a nook of the field and clamp the whole lot down. Double take a look at that the fence and finish prevent are tight to the field. Clamping to the workbench guarantees not anything will transfer when you are routing.
Jig’s a template that slides and flips
To rout the mortises, I take advantage of the dado blank out trend bit discussed previous. Its brief reducing duration method there’s a lot of room left for the bearing to sign up at the jig’s notches.
To make use of the jig, clamp it and the field frame to the bench, ensuring the field is tight to the jig’s finish prevent and fence, and rout. If you wish to have to sq. the corners of the mortise, depart the jig clamped in position, since it’s going to lend a hand information your chisel paintings. To rout the opposite mortise, merely slide the jig to the opposite finish of the field and undergo the similar technique of routing and slicing.
For the lid, turn the jig and repeat. You’ll finally end up with matching mortises with little format or fuss.
Mortise the field
Rout with a brief trend bit. Take take a look at cuts in scrap to remember to have the bit set to the appropriate intensity. The jig’s fence, which you’ll rout thru at the preliminary move, supplies zeroclearance strengthen for the reduce, restricting blowout.Jig guides the chisel when squaring the routed hinge mortise. The router leaves rounded corners, which received’t are compatible sq. hinges. You want to sq. those corners with a chisel. Because the jig is sized to the hinges, squaring the corners with it in position is straightforward and correct.Slide the jig tight to the opposite facet for the opposite hinge. Since the jig’s notches are the similar measurement and the similar distance from the bottom’s ends, putting in for the field’s different hinge is a straightforward subject of sliding the jig.
A tip for environment the bit intensity
Surroundings the bit’s intensity generally is a problem, so I like to recommend a take a look at run.
I decrease the bit in order that it extends 1 ⁄ 2 in. (the bottom’s thickness) plus part the thickness of the hinge barrel. I then decrease it any other hair to stay the hinges from binding.
Seize a work of scrap and rout two take a look at mortises. By way of then crosscutting the scrap in two, you’ll put the mortises in combination to simulate the routed field and lid.
Put the hinge barrel on this area. If the hinge falls out, the reduce is simply too deep. As an alternative, you wish to have the take a look at blocks to pinch the barrel in position with an opening of about 1 ⁄ 64 in. between the blocks. Then your hinges will function easily and the relationship between the field and lid will glance blank.
Mortise the lid
The jig works simply the similar for the field’s lid. The use of the jig in the similar approach for the lid promises matching hinge mortises between the lid and the field, making set up correct and fuss unfastened.Connect the hinges. Stowe attaches the hinges to the lid first, because it’s more uncomplicated to steadiness when using the screws into the field. He makes use of highquality brass screws, drilling pilot holes and, if conceivable, pre-cutting threads within the holes with tougher, much less fragile metal screws.
—Doug Stowe is an writer and boxmaker in Eureka Springs, Ark.
Pictures: Barry NM Dima.
Drawings: Dan Thornton.
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From Fantastic Woodworking #301
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